Techniques in Regional Anesthesia & Pain Management
Volume 9, Issue 2 , Pages 91-96 , April 2005

Sympathetic block: Thoracic and lumbar

References 

  1. Breivik H . Sympathetic blocks . In:  Breivik H editors. Clinical Pain Management (Practical Applications and Procedures) . Great Britain: Arnold; 2003;p. 233–246
  2. Kappis M . Sensibilitt und local ansthesie in chirurgischen gebiet der bauchhole mit besonderen bercksichtigung der splanchnichus-ansthesie . Bruns Beitr Klin Cher . 1919;15:161
  3. Labat G . Paravertebral dorsal block (blocking of the dorsal or thoracic nerves) . In:  Labat G editors. Regional Anesthesia (Its Technique and Clinical Application) . (ed 1). Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Co; 1924;
  4. Adrini J . Thoracic sympathetic block . In:  Adriani J editors. Nerve Blocks (A Manual of Regional Anesthesia for Practitioners of Medicine) . (ed 1). Chicago, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher; 1954;
  5. Bonica JJ , Bucley PF , Morica G , et al.   Neurolytic blockade and hypophysectomy . In:  Bonica JJ ,  Loeser DJ ,  Chapman RC , et al. editor. The Management of Pain . (ed 2). Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1990;
  6. Waldman SD . Thoracic sympathetic ganglion block . In:  Waldman SD editors. Interventional Pain Management . Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2001;p. 399–400
  7. Roos DB . Sympathectomy for the upper extremities (anatomy, indications and techniques) . In:  Rutherford R editors. Vascular Surgery . Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1977;
  8. Stanton-Hicks M , Stephen EA , Nolte H . Sympathetic blocks . In:  Raj PP editors. Practical Management of Pain . (ed 1). Chicago, IL: Year Book Medical Publishers; 1986;
  9. Roos DB . Sympathectomy for the upper extremities (anatomy, indications and techniques) . In:  Rutherford R editors. Vascular Surgery . Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1977;
  10. Breivick H , Cousins M , Bertil Lofstrom J . Sympathetic neural blockade of upper and lower extremity . In:  Cousins MJ editors. Neural Blockade in Clinical Anesthesia and Management of Pain . Philadelphia, PA: Lippincot-Raven Publishers; 1998;p. 411–445
  11. Wilkinson H . Percutaneous radiofrequency upper thoracic sympathectomy (a new technique) . Neurosurgery . 1984;15:811–814
  12. Elias M . Sympathetic blockade . In:  Wallace M editors. Pain Medicine and Management . New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2005;p. 344–348
  13. Waldman S , Patt R . Celiac plexus block . In:  Waldman SD editors. Interventional Pain Management . Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2001;p. 493–507
  14. De Medicis E , De Leon-Casasola O . Neurolytic blocks . In:  Breivik H editors. Clinical Pain Management (Practical Applications and Procedures) . Great Britain: Arnold; 2003;p. 247–254
  15. Plancarte SR , Mayer RF , Guillen NR , et al.   Abordaje transdiscal de nervios esplacnicos . Cir Ciruj . 2003;71:192–203
  16. Macintosh R , Bryce-Smith R . Lumbar sympathetic chain block . In:  Macintosh R ,  Bryce-Smith R editor. Local Analgesia Abdominal Surgery . Edinburgh: Livingstone LTD; 1962;
  17. Bryce-Smith R . Injection of the lumbar sympathetic chain . Anesthesia . 1951;6:150
  18. Reid W , Watt JK , Gray TG . Phenol injection of the sympathetic chain . Br J Surg . 1970;57:45
  19. Boas RA . Sympathetic blocks in clinical practics . Int Anesthesiol Clin . 1978;16:149
  20. Cousins MJ , Reeve TS , Glynn CJ , et al.   Neurolytic lumbar sympathetic blockade (duration of denervation and relief of rest pain) . Anaesth Intensive Care . 1979;7:121–135
  21. Mekhail N , Malak O . Lumbar sympathetic blockade . Tech Reg Anesth Pain Manag . 2001;3:344–345
  22. Mandl F . Die Paravertebrale Injection . Vienna: J Springer; 1926;
  23. Reid W , Watt JK , Gray TG . Phenol injection of the sympathetic chain . Br J Surg . 1970;57:45
  24. Stanton Hicks M . Lumbar sympathetic nerve block and neurolysis . In:  Waldman SD editors. Interventional Pain Management . Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2001;p. 485–492
  25. Mekhail N , Malak O . Lumbar sympathetic blockade . Tech Reg Anesth Pain Manag . 2001;3:345–348
  26. Mandl F . Die paravertebrale injection . Vienna: J Springer; 1926;
  27. Reid W , Watt JK , Gray TG . Phenol injection of the sympathetic Chain . Br J Surg . 1970;57:45
  28. Stanton Hicks M . Lumbar sympathetic nerve block and neurolisis . In:  Waldman SD editors. Interventional Pain Management . Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2001;p. 485–492

PII: S1084-208X(05)00040-6

doi: 10.1053/j.trap.2005.05.008

Techniques in Regional Anesthesia & Pain Management
Volume 9, Issue 2 , Pages 91-96 , April 2005