Techniques in Regional Anesthesia & Pain Management
Volume 10, Issue 3 , Pages 79-88 , July 2006

Peripheral nerve stimulation

  • Carlos A. Bollini, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests and correspondence: Carlos A. Bollini, MD, J. D. Peron 2375, 1629 Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
    • ,
  • Fernando Cacheiro, MD

References 

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  4. Galindo A. Special needles for nerve blocks. Reg Anesth. 1980;5:2–13
  5. Yasuda I, Hirano T, Ojima T, et al. Supraclavicular brachial plexus block using a nerve stimulator and an uninsulated needle. Br Jr Anesth. 1980;52:409–411
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  7. Galindo A. In: Regional Anesthesia. Miami, FL: Scientific Publications; 1982;p. 30–39
  8. Hadzic A, Vloka JD. In: New York School of Regional Anesthesia Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Principles and Practice. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2004;p. 43–49
  9. Barthram N. Nerve stimulators for nerve location, are they all the same? (A study of stimulator performance). Anaesthesia. 1997;52:761
  10. Hadzic A, Vloka JD. Peripheral nerve stimulator for unassisted nerve blockade. Anesthesiology. 2003;98:969–974
  11. Hadzic A, Vloka J, Hadzic N, et al. Nerve stimulators used for peripheral nerve blocks vary in their electrical characteristics. Anesthesiology. 1996;84:1528–1529
  12. Kaiser H, et al. Fundamentals and requiements of PNS (A contribution to the improvement of safety standards in regional anesthesia). Reg Anaesth. 1990;7:143–147
  13. Montgomery SJ, Raj P, Nettles D, et al. The use of the nerve stimulator with standard unsheathed needles in nerve blockade. Anesth Analg. 1973;52:827–831
  14. Pither CE, Ford DJ, Raj PP. Peripheral nerve stimulation with insulated and uninsulated needles: efficacy of characteristics. Reg Anesth. 1984;9:42
  15. Bashein G, Ready LB, Hascke RH. Elecrolocation: insulated versus noninsulated needles. Reg Anesth. 1984;9:31
  16. Bashein G, et al. Electrical nerve location (numerical and electrophoretic comparisions of insulated versus uninsulated needles). Anesth Analg. 1984;63:919–924
  17. Neuburger M, Rotzinger M, Kaiser H. Electric nerve stimulation in relation to impulse strength (A quantitative study of the distance of the electrode point to the nerve). Anaesthesist. 2001;50:181–186
  18. Lang SA, Morris G, Arraf J: Regional anesthesia: traditional and alternative approaches to lower limb block. Available at: http://www.calgaryhealthregion.ca/clin/ anaesth/Regional/Workshop10
  19. Raj PP, Rosenblatt R, Montgomery SJ. Use of the nerve stimulator for peripheral blocks. Reg Anesth. 1980;5:14–21
  20. Tsui BCH, Wagner A, Finucane B. Electrophysiologic effect of injectates on peripheral nerve stimulation. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2004;29:189–193
  21. Shannon J, Lang SA, Yip RW. Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block revisited: a nerve stimulator technique. Reg Anesth. 1995;20:100–104
  22. Percutaneous electrode guidance and subcutaneous stimulating electrode guidance: modifications of the original technique. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2003;28:253–255
  23. Percutaneous electrode guidance: a noninvasive technique for prelocation of peripheral nerves to facilitate peripheral plexus or nerve block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2002;27:261–267
  24. Bollini CA, Urmey WF, Vascello L, et al. Relationship between evoked motor response and sensory paresthesia in interscalene brachial plexus block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2003;28:384–388
  25. Choyce A, Chan VW, Middleton WJ, et al. What is the relationship between paresthesia and nerve stimulation for axillary brachial plexus block?. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2001;26:100–104
  26. Inability to consistently elicit a motor response following sensory paresthesia during interscalene block suministration. Anesthesiology. 2002;96:552–554
  27. Fanelli G, Casati A, et al. Nerve stimulator and multiple injection technique for upper and lower limb blockade: failure rate, patient acceptance, and neurologic complications. Anesth Analg. 1999;88:847–852
  28. Rodriguez J, Barcena M, et al. A comparision of single versus multiple injections on the extent of anesthesia with coracoid infraclavicullar brachial plexus block. Anesth Analg. 2004;99:1225–1230
  29. Salinas FV, Neal JM, Sueda LA, et al. Prospective comparison of continuous femoral nerve block with nonstimulating catheter placement versus stimulating catheter-guided perineural placement in volunteers. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2004;29:212–220
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  31. Moore DC. In: Regional Anesthesia. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1962;

PII: S1084-208X(06)00048-6

doi: 10.1053/j.trap.2006.07.007

Techniques in Regional Anesthesia & Pain Management
Volume 10, Issue 3 , Pages 79-88 , July 2006

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