Techniques in Regional Anesthesia & Pain Management
Volume 13, Issue 2 , Pages 102-108 , April 2009

Intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET) for the treatment of discogenic pain

  • Abdallah Kabbara, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests and correspondence: Abdallah Kabbara, MD, Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106
  • ,
  • Salim M. Hayek, MD, PhD

References 

  1. Frymoyer JW. Lumbar disc disease: Epidemiology. Instr Course Lect. 1992;41:217–223
  2. Frymoyer JW, Cats-Baril WL. An overview of the incidences and costs of low back pain. Orthop Clin North Am. 1991;22:263–271
  3. Cassinelli EH, Hall RA, Kang JD. Biochemistry of intervertebral disc degeneration and the potential for gene therapy applications. Spine J. 2001;1:205–214
  4. Croft PR, Macfarlane GJ, Papageorgiou AC, et al. Outcome of low back pain in general practice: A prospective study. Br Med J. 1998;316:1356–1359
  5. Enthoven P, Skargren E, Kjellman G, et al. Course of back pain in primary care: A prospective study of physical measures. J Rehabil Med. 2003;35:168–173
  6. Cassidy JD, Cote P, Carroll LJ, et al. Incidence and course of low back pain episodes in the general population. Spine. 2005;30:2817–2823
  7. Elliott AM, Smith BH, Hannaford PC, et al. The course of chronic pain in the community: Results of a 4-year follow-up study. Pain. 2002;99:299–307
  8. Enthoven P, Skargren E, Oberg B. Clinical course in patients seeking primary care for back or neck pain: A prospective 5-year follow-up of outcome and health care consumption with subgroup analysis. Spine. 2004;29:2458–2465
  9. Kuslich SD, Ulstrom CL, Michael CJ. The tissue origin of low back pain and sciatica: A report of pain response to tissue stimulation during operations on the lumbar spine using local anesthesia. Orthop Clin North Am. 1991;22:181–187
  10. Schwarzer AC, Aprill CN, Derby R, et al. The prevalence and clinical features of internal disc disruption in patients with chronic low back pain. Spine. 1995;20:1878–1883
  11. Pang WW, Mok MS, Lin ML, et al. Application of spinal pain mapping in the diagnosis of low back pain—Analysis of 104 cases. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin. 1998;36:71–74
  12. Manchikanti L, Singh V, Pampati V, et al. Evaluation of the relative contributions of various structures in chronic low back pain. Pain Physician. 2001;4:308–316
  13. Carragee EJ, Paragioudakis SJ, Khurana S. 2000 Volvo award winner in clinical studies: Lumbar high-intensity zone and discography in subjects without low back problems. Spine. 2000;25:2987–2992
  14. Aprill C, Bogduk N. High-intensity zone: A diagnostic sign of painful lumbar disc on magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Radiol. 1992;65:361–369
  15. Boswell MV, Trescot AM, Datta S, et al. Interventional techniques: Evidence-based practice guidelines in the management of chronic spinal pain. Pain Physician. 2007;10:7–111
  16. Manchikanti L, Singh V, Derby R, et al. Reassessment of evidence synthesis of occupational medicine practice guidelines for interventional pain management. Pain Physician. 2008;11:393–482
  17. Wolfer LR, Derby R, Lee J, et al. Systematic review of lumbar provocation discography in asymptomatic subjects with a meta-analysis of false-positive rates. Pain Physician. 2008;11:513–538
  18. Knox BD, Chapman TM. Anterior lumbar interbody fusion for discogram concordant pain. J Spinal Disord. 1993;6:242–244
  19. Kozak JA, O'Brien JP. Simultaneous combined anterior and posterior fusion: An independent analysis of a treatment for the disabled low-back pain patient. Spine. 1990;15:322–328
  20. Lee CK, Vessa P, Lee JK. Chronic disabling low back pain syndrome caused by internal disc derangements (the results of disc excision and posterior lumbar interbody fusion). Spine. 1995;20:356–361
  21. Luoma K, Riihimaki H, Luukkonen R, et al. Low back pain in relation to lumbar disc degeneration. Spine. 2000;25:487–492
  22. Freemont AJ, Peacock TE, Goupille P, et al. Nerve ingrowth into diseased intervertebral disc in chronic back pain. Lancet. 1997;350:178–181
  23. Kawakami M, Tamaki T, Hashizume H, et al. The role of phospholipase A2 and nitric oxide in pain-related behavior produced by an allograft of intervertebral disc material to the sciatic nerve of the rat. Spine. 1997;22:1074–1079
  24. Burke JG, Watson RW, McCormack D, et al. Intervertebral discs which cause low back pain secrete high levels of proinflammatory mediators. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84:196–201
  25. Videman T, Nurminen M. The occurrence of anular tears and their relation to lifetime back pain history: A cadaveric study using Barium Sulfate discography. Spine. 2004;29:2668–2676
  26. Roughley PJ. Biology of intervertebral disc aging and degeneration: Involvement of the extracellular matrix. Spine. 2004;29:2691–2699
  27. Peng B, Hao J, Hou S, et al. Possible pathogenesis of painful intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine. 2006;31:560–566
  28. Kauppila LI, Tallroth K. Postmortem angiographic findings for arteries supplying the lumbar spine: Their relationship to low-back symptoms. J Spinal Disord. 1993;6:124–129
  29. Rajasekaran S, Babu JN, Arun R, et al. ISSLS prize winner: A study of diffusion in human lumbar discs: A serial magnetic resonance imaging study documenting the influence of the endplate on diffusion in normal and degenerate discs. Spine. 2004;29:2654–2667
  30. Lam KS, Carlin D, Mulholland RC. Lumbar disc high-intensity zone: The value and significance of provocative discography in the determination of the discogenic pain source. Eur Spine J. 2000;9:36–41
  31. Pomerantz SR, Hirsch JA. Intradiscal therapies for discogenic pain. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2006;10:125–135
  32. Cavanaugh JM, Kallakuri S, Ozaktay AC. Innervation of the rabbit lumbar intervertebral disc and posterior longitudinal ligament. Spine. 1995;20:2080–2085
  33. Bogduk N. The innervation of the lumbar spine. Spine. 1983;8:286–293
  34. Roberts S, Eisenstein SM, Menage J, et al. Mechanoreceptors in intervertebral discs (morphology, distribution, and neuropeptides). Spine. 1995;20:2645–2651
  35. Videman T, Battie MC, Gibbons LE, et al. Associations between back pain history and lumbar MRI findings. Spine. 2003;28:582–588
  36. Saal JA, Saal JS. Intradiscal electrothermal treatment for chronic discogenic low back pain: A prospective outcome study with minimum 1-year follow-up. Spine. 2000;25:2622–2627
  37. Obrzut SL, Hecht P, Hayashi K, et al. The effect of radiofrequency energy on the length and temperature properties of the glenohumeral joint capsule. Arthroscopy. 1998;14:395–400
  38. Naseef GS, Foster TE, Trauner K, et al. The thermal properties of bovine joint capsule (the basic science of laser- and radiofrequency-induced capsular shrinkage). Am J Sports Med. 1997;25:670–674
  39. Saal JS, Saal JA. Management of chronic discogenic low back pain with a thermal intradiscal catheter (A preliminary report). Spine. 2000;25:382–388
  40. Freeman BJ, Mehdian R. Intradiscal electrothermal therapy, percutaneous discectomy, and nucleoplasty: What is the current evidence?. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2008;12:14–21
  41. Zhou Y, Abdi S. Diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment of lumbar discogenic pain—A review of the literature. Clin J Pain. 2006;22:468–481
  42. Kleinstueck FS, Diederich CJ, Nau WH, et al. Acute biomechanical and histological effects of intradiscal electrothermal therapy on human lumbar discs. Spine. 2001;26:2198–2207
  43. Mekhail N, Kapural L. Intradiscal thermal annuloplasty for discogenic pain: An outcome study. Pain Pract. 2004;4:84–90
  44. Kapural L, Mekhail N, Korunda Z, et al. Intradiscal thermal annuloplasty for the treatment of lumbar discogenic pain in patients with multilevel degenerative disc disease. Anesth Analg. 2004;99:472–476
  45. Cohen SP, Larkin T, Abdi S, et al. Risk factors for failure and complications of intradiscal electrothermal therapy: A pilot study. Spine. 2003;28:1142–1147
  46. Cohen SP, Larkin T, Polly DW. A giant herniated disc following intradiscal electrothermal therapy. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2002;15:537–541
  47. Eckel TS, Ortiz AO. Intradiscal electrothermal therapy in the treatment of discogenic low back pain. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;5:217–222
  48. Orr RD, Thomas SA. Intradural migration of broken IDET catheter causing a radiculopathy. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2005;18:185–187
  49. Ackerman WE. Cauda equina syndrome after intradiscal electrothermal therapy. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2002;27:622
  50. Hsia AW, Isaac K, Katz JS. Cauda equina syndrome from intradiscal electrothermal therapy. Neurology. 2000;55:320
  51. Wetzel FT. Cauda equina syndrome from intradiscal electrothermal therapy. Neurology. 2001;56:1607
  52. Davis TT, Delamarter RB, Sra P, et al. The IDET procedure for chronic discogenic low back pain. Spine. 2004;29:752–756
  53. Djurasovic M, Glassman SD, Dimar JR, et al. Vertebral osteonecrosis associated with the use of intradiscal electrothermal therapy: A case report. Spine. 2002;27:E325–E328
  54. Nunley PD, Jawahar A, Brandao SM, et al. Intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET) for low back pain in worker's compensation patients: Can it provide a potential answer? Long-term results. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2008;21:11–18
  55. Saal JA, Saal JS. Intradiscal electrothermal treatment for chronic discogenic low back pain: Prospective outcome study with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Spine. 2002;27:966–973
  56. Spruit M, Jacobs WC. Pain and function after intradiscal electrothermal treatment (IDET) for symptomatic lumbar disc degeneration. Eur Spine J. 2002;11:589–593
  57. Park SY, Moon SH, Park MS, et al. Intradiscal electrothermal treatment for chronic lower back pain patients with internal disc disruption. Yonsei Med J. 2005;46:539–545
  58. Pauza KJ, Howell S, Dreyfuss P, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intradiscal electrothermal therapy for the treatment of discogenic low back pain. Spine J. 2004;4:27–35
  59. Freeman BJ, Fraser RD, Cain CM, et al. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial: intradiscal electrothermal therapy versus placebo for the treatment of chronic discogenic low back pain. Spine. 2005;30:2369–2377
  60. Appleby D, Andersson G, Totta M. Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET). Pain Med. 2006;7:308–316
  61. Andersson GB, Mekhail NA, Block JE. Treatment of intractable discogenic low back pain (A systematic review of spinal fusion and intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET)). Pain Physician. 2006;9:237–248
  62. Raj PP. Intervertebral disc: Anatomy-physiology-pathophysiology-treatment. Pain Pract. 2008;8:18–44
  63. Helm S, Hayek SM, Benyamin RM, et al. Systematic review of the effectiveness of thermal annular procedures in treating discogenic low back pain. Pain Physician. 2009;12:207–232
  64. Gerszten PC, Welch WC, McGrath PM, et al. A prospective outcomes study of patients undergoing intradiscal electrothermy (IDET) for chronic low back pain. Pain Physician. 2002;5:360–364
  65. Bryce DA, Nelson J, Glurich I, et al. Intradiscal electrothermal annuloplasty therapy: A case series study leading to new considerations. WMJ. 2005;104:39–46
  66. Lee MS, Cooper G, Lutz GE, et al. Intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET) for treatment of chronic lumbar discogenic pain: A minimum 2-year clinical outcome study. Pain Physician. 2003;6:443–448
  67. Maurer P, Block JE, Squillante D. Intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET) provides effective symptom relief in patients with discogenic low back pain. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2008;21:55–62
  68. Ergun R, Sekerci Z, Bulut H, et al. Intradiscal electrothermal treatment for chronic discogenic low back pain: A prospective outcome study of 39 patients with the Oswestry disability index at 18 month follow-up. Neurol Res. 2008;30:411–416
  69. Bogduk N, Karasek M. Two-year follow-up of a controlled trial of intradiscal electrothermal anuloplasty for chronic low back pain resulting from internal disc disruption. Spine J. 2002;2:343–350
  70. Lutz C, Lutz GE, Cooke PM. Treatment of chronic lumbar discogenic pain with intradiscal electrothermal therapy: A prospective outcome study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:23–28
  71. Webster BS, Verma S, Pransky GS. Outcomes of workers' compensation claimants with low back pain undergoing intradiscal electrothermal therapy. Spine. 2004;29:435–441
  72. Derby R, Eek B, Lee SH, et al. Comparison of intradiscal restorative injections and intradiscal electrothermal treatment (IDET) in the treatment of low back pain. Pain Physician. 2004;7:63–66
  73. Freedman VA, Martin LG, Schoeni RF. Recent trends in disability and functioning among older adults in the United States: A systematic review. J Am Med Assoc. 2002;288:3137–3146
  74. Simopoulos TT, Malik AB, Sial KA, et al. Radiofrequency lesioning of the L2 ramus communicans in managing discogenic low back pain. Pain Physician. 2005;8:61–65
  75. Nakamura SI, Takahashi K, Takahashi Y, et al. The afferent pathways of discogenic low-back pain (evaluation of L2 spinal nerve infiltration). J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1996;78:606–612
  76. Oh WS, Shim JC. A randomized controlled trial of radiofrequency denervation of the ramus communicans nerve for chronic discogenic low back pain. Clin J Pain. 2004;20:55–60
  77. Barendse GA, van Den Berg SG, Kessels AH, et al. Randomized controlled trial of percutaneous intradiscal radiofrequency thermocoagulation for chronic discogenic back pain: Lack of effect from a 90-second 70 C lesion. Spine. 2001;26:287–292
  78. Ercelen O, Bulutcu E, Oktenoglu T, et al. Radiofrequency lesioning using two different time modalities for the treatment of lumbar discogenic pain: A randomized trial. Spine. 2003;28:1922–1927
  79. Finch PM, Price LM, Drummond PD. Radiofrequency heating of painful annular disruptions: One-year outcomes. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2005;18:6–13
  80. Kapural L, Hayek S, Malak O, et al. Intradiscal thermal annuloplasty versus intradiscal radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of discogenic pain: A prospective matched control trial. Pain Med. 2005;6:425–431

PII: S1084-208X(09)00014-7

doi: 10.1053/j.trap.2009.05.002

Techniques in Regional Anesthesia & Pain Management
Volume 13, Issue 2 , Pages 102-108 , April 2009