Techniques in Regional Anesthesia & Pain Management
Volume 13, Issue 3 , Pages 128-132 , July 2009

Ultrasound-guided third occipital nerve and cervical medial branch nerve blocks

  • Andreas Siegenthaler, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Therapy, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
  • ,
  • Samer Narouze, MD, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Pain Management Department, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
  • ,
  • Urs Eichenberger, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Therapy, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests and correspondence: Urs Eichenberger, MD, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Therapy, University Hospital and University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland

References 

  1. Radanov BP, Sturzenegger M, Di Stefano G. Long-term outcome after whiplash injury (A 2-year follow-up considering features of injury mechanism and somatic, radiologic, and psychosocial findings). Medicine (Baltimore). 1995;74:281–297
  2. Lord SM, Barnsley L, Wallis BJ, et al. Chronic cervical zygapophysial joint pain after whiplash (A placebo-controlled prevalence study). Spine. 1996;21:1737–1745
  3. Barnsley L, Lord S, Bogduk N. Comparative local anaesthetic blocks in the diagnosis of cervical zygapophysial joint pain. Pain. 1993;55:99–106
  4. Barnsley L, Bogduk N. Medial branch blocks are specific for the diagnosis of cervical zygapophyseal joint pain. Reg Anesth. 1993;18:343–350
  5. Barnsley L, Lord S, Wallis B, et al. False-positive rates of cervical zygapophysial joint blocks. Clin J Pain. 1993;9:124–130
  6. Bogduk N. International Spinal Injection Society guidelines for the performance of spinal injection procedures (Part 1: Zygapophysial joint blocks). Clin J Pain. 1997;13:285–302
  7. Lord SM, Barnsley L, Wallis BJ, et al. Percutaneous radio-frequency neurotomy for chronic cervical zygapophyseal-joint pain. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1721–1726
  8. Manchikanti L, Singh V, Falco FJ, et al. Cervical medial branch blocks for chronic cervical facet joint pain: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial with one-year follow-up. Spine. 2008;33:1813–1820
  9. Govind J, King W, Bailey B, et al. Radiofrequency neurotomy for the treatment of third occipital headache. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74:88–93
  10. Bogduk N. The clinical anatomy of the cervical dorsal rami. Spine. 1982;7:319–330
  11. Fishman SM, Smith H, Meleger A, et al. Radiation safety in pain medicine. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2002;27:296–305
  12. Greher M, Kirchmair L, Enna B, et al. Ultrasound-guided lumbar facet nerve block: Accuracy of a new technique confirmed by computed tomography. Anesthesiology. 2004;101:1195–1200
  13. Greher M, Scharbert G, Kamolz LP, et al. Ultrasound-guided lumbar facet nerve block: A sonoanatomic study of a new methodologic approach. Anesthesiology. 2004;100:1242–1248
  14. Eichenberger U, Greher M, Kapral S, et al. Sonographic visualization and ultrasound-guided block of the third occipital nerve: Prospective for a new method to diagnose C2-C3 zygapophysial joint pain. Anesthesiology. 2006;104:303–308
  15. Lord SM, McDonald GJ, Bogduk N. Percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy of the cervical medial branches: A validated treatment for cervical zygapophysial joint pain. Neurosurg Q. 1998;8:288–308
  16. Fornage BD. Peripheral nerves of the extremities: Imaging with US. Radiology. 1988;167:179–182
  17. Silvestri E, Martinoli C, Derchi LE, et al. Echotexture of peripheral nerves: Correlation between US and histologic findings and criteria to differentiate tendons. Radiology. 1995;197:291–296
  18. Martinoli C, Bianchi S, Dahmane M, et al. Ultrasound of tendons and nerves. Eur Radiol. 2002;12:44–55

PII: S1084-208X(09)00031-7

doi: 10.1053/j.trap.2009.06.003

Techniques in Regional Anesthesia & Pain Management
Volume 13, Issue 3 , Pages 128-132 , July 2009