Techniques in Regional Anesthesia & Pain Management
Volume 3, Issue 2 , Pages 107-112 , April 1999

Regional anesthesia for knee surgery

References 

  1. Woolf CJ, Chong MS. Preemptive analgesia-treating postoperative pain by preventing the establishment of central sensitization. Anesth Analg. 1993;77:362–379
  2. Kissin I. Preemptive analgesia: terminology and clinical relevance. Anesth Analg. 1994;79:809–810
  3. Atanassoff PG, Jarrett JM. The physiological and pharmacological aspect of pre-emptive analgesia. Anaesth Pharm Physiol Rev. 1996;4:6–20
  4. Gold MS, DeCrosta D, Rizzuto C, et al. The effect of lumbar epidural and general anesthesia on plasma catecholamines and hemodynamics during abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Anesth Analg. 1994;78:225–230
  5. Ecker ML, Lotke PA. Postoperative care of the total knee patient. Ortho Clin North America. 1989;20:55–62
  6. Sharrock NE, Cazan MG, Hargett MJL, et al. Changes in mortality after total hip and knee arthroplasty over a ten-year period. Anesth Analg. 1995;80:242–248
  7. Lintner S, Shawen S, Lohnes J, et al. Local anesthesia in outpatient knee arthroscopy: a comparison of efficacy and cost. Arthroscopy. 1996;12:482–488
  8. Pitkäenen M. Continuous spinal anaesthesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 1992;5:676–680
  9. Rigler ML, Drasner K, Krejcie TC, et al. Cauda equina syndrome after continuous spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 1991;72:275–281
  10. Lambert LA, Lamber DH, Strichartz GR. Irreversible conduction block in isolated nerve by high concentrations of local anesthetics. Anesthesiology. 1994;80:1082–1093
  11. Concepion MA, Lambert DH, Welch KA, et al. Tourniquet pain during spinal anesthesia: A comparison of plain solutions of tetracaine and bupivacaine. Anesth Analg. 1988;67:828–832
  12. Stewart A, Lambert DH, Concepion MA, et al. Decreased incidence of tourniquet pain during spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine: a possible explanation. Anesth Analg. 1988;67:833–837
  13. Halaszynski TM, Hartmannsgruber MWB. Anatomy and physiology of a spinal and epidural anesthesia. Sem Anesth Periop Med. 1998;17:24–37
  14. Bailey PL, Rhondean S, Schafer PG, et al. Dose-response pharmacology of intrathecal morphine in human volunteers. Anesthesiology. 1993;79:49–59
  15. Davidson HC, Mazzu D, Gage BF, et al. Screening for deep venous thrombosis in asymptomatic postoperative orthopedic patients using color Doppler sonography: analysis of prevalence and risk factors. Am J Roentgen. 1996;166:659–662
  16. Modig J, Borg T, Karlström G, et al. Thromboembolism after total hip replacement: Role of epidural and general anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 1983;62:174–180
  17. Borg T, Modig J. Potential anti-thrombotic effects of local anesthetics due to their inhibition of platelet aggregation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1985;29:739–742
  18. Pierrot M, Blaise M, Dupuy A, et al. Peridural analgesia with high doses of fentanyl: Failure of the method for early postoperative kinesitherapy in knee surgery. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1982;29:587–592
  19. Arvidsson I, Eriksson E, Knutsson E, et al. Reduction of pain inhibition on voluntary muscle activation by epidural analgesia. Orthopedics. 1986;9:1415–1419
  20. Ponhold H, Kulier AH, Rehak PH. 30 degree trunk elevation of the patient and quality of lumbar epidural anesthesia. Effects of elevation in operations on the lower extremities. Anaesthesist. 1993;42:788–792
  21. Sinatra RS. Acute pain management and acute pain services. In: Cousins MJ, Bridenbaugh PO editor. Neural Blockade. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1998;p. 793–835
  22. Holmstrom B, Rawal N, Axelsson K, et al. Risk of catheter migration during combined spinal epidural block: Percutaneous epiduroscopy study. Anesth Analg. 1995;80:747–753
  23. Hadzic A, Vloka JD, Kuroda MM, Koorn R, Birnbach DJ. The practice of peripheral nerve blocks in the United States: a national survey. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 1998;23:241–246
  24. Horlocker TT, Heit JA. Low molecular weight heparin: biochemistry, pharmacology, perioperative prophylaxis regimens, and guidelines for regional anesthetic management. Anesth Analg. 1997;85:874–885
  25. Elmas C, Atanassoff PG. Combined inguinal paravascular (3-in-1) and sciatic nerve blocks for lower limb surgery. Reg Anesth. 1993;2:88–92
  26. Winnie AP, Ramamurthy S, Durrani Z. The inguinal paravascular technic of lumbar plexus anesthesia: The “3-in-1 block”. Anesth Analg. 1973;52:989–996
  27. Bonicalzi V, Gallino M. Comparison of two regional anesthetic techniques for knee arthroscopy. Arthroscopy. 1995;11:207–212
  28. Atanassoff PG, Weiss BM, Brull SJ, et al. Electromyographic comparison of obturator nerve block to three-in-one block. Anesth Analg. 1995;81:529–533
  29. Ritter JW. Femoral nerve “sheath” for inguinal paravascular lumbar plexus block is not found in human cadavers. J Clin Anesth. 1995;7:470–473
  30. Edwards ND, Wright EM. Continuous low dose 3-in-1 nerve blockade for postoperative pain relief after total knee replacement. Anesth Analg. 1992;75:265–267
  31. Serpell MG, Millar FA, Thomson MF. Comparison of lumbar plexus block versus conventional opioid analgesia after total knee replacement. Anaesthesia. 1991;46:275–277
  32. Eriksson E, Haggmark T, Saartok T, et al. Knee arthroscopy with local anesthesia in ambulatory patients. Methods, results and patient compliance. Orthopedics. 1986;9:186–188
  33. Solanki DR, Enneking FK, Ivey FM, et al. Serum bupivacaine concentrations after intraarticular injection for pain relief after knee arthroscopy. Arthroscopy. 1992;8:44–47
  34. Shapiro MS, Safran MR, Crockett H, et al. Local anesthesia for knee arthroscopy. Efficacy and cost benefits. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23:50–53
  35. Raja SN, Dickstein RE, Johnson CA. Comparison of postoperative analgesic effects of intraarticular bupivacaine and morphine following arthroscopic knee surgery. Anesthesiology. 1992;77:1143–1147
  36. Stein C, Comisel K, Haimerl E, et al. Analgesic effect of intraarticular morphine after arthroscopic knee surgery. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1123–1126
  37. Heard SO, Edwards WT, Ferrari D, et al. Analgesic effect of intraarticular bupivacaine or morphine after arthroscopic knee surgery: A randomized, prospective, double-blind study. Anesth Analg. 1992;74:822–826

PII: S1084-208X(99)80029-9

Techniques in Regional Anesthesia & Pain Management
Volume 3, Issue 2 , Pages 107-112 , April 1999